Tamil Nadu, often hailed as the “Land of Temples,” gifts the world with some of the most ancient and architecturally magnificent temples, many standing strong for over a millennium. These 1000 years old temples in Tamil Nadu not only serve as spiritual sanctuaries but also as rich cultural treasures that embody centuries of devotion, architectural innovation, and Tamil heritage.
In this article, explore an authoritative list of the top 20 1000 years old temples in Tamil Nadu, their historical backgrounds, architectural marvels, and enduring devotional significance. Whether you are a devotee, history enthusiast, or traveler, this guide offers a profound spiritual and cultural insight into Tamil Nadu’s timeless temple legacy. Overview of Tamil Nadu’s Ancient Temples
With more than 33,000 temples, Tamil Nadu’s temple landscape is vast and varied. The temples date back as early as 600 CE, flourishing through the Pallava, Chola, and Pandya dynasties. These temples primarily exhibit Dravidian architecture, characterized by towering gopurams (ornate gateway towers), majestic vimanas (temple towers), and intricately carved mandapams (pillared halls).
The first stone temples emerged under the Pallavas, evolving grandly during the Chola period (9th to 13th centuries). The accurate stone sculptures, elaborate murals, and inscriptions like those in Vattezhuthu script stand testimony to Tamil Nadu’s rich architectural and literary heritage. Temples like the Brihadeeswarar and Airavatesvara are UNESCO World Heritage Sites for their grandeur and historical importance.
Top 20 Prominent 1000 Years Old Temples in Tamil Nadu
1. Brihadeeswarar Temple, Thanjavur
The Brihadeeswarar Temple in Thanjavur, built by emperor Raja Raja Chola I between 1003 and 1010 CE, stands as a monumental example of Tamil Nadu’s Dravidian architecture. Constructed entirely out of granite—a significant feat given its weight and absence in the local region—the temple features the tallest vimana (temple tower) in South India, towering at over 200 feet. It houses one of the largest Shiva lingas and includes a massive monolithic statue of Nandi, the sacred bull, sculpted from a single stone.
Designed by the expert architect Kunjara Mallan Raja Rama Perunthachan, the temple’s layout is geometrically precise, reflecting sophisticated engineering and artistic mastery. The complex includes a sanctum (garbhagriha), a Nandi mandapam, assembly halls (mukha mandapam and maha mandapam), and extensive courtyards enclosed by pillared verandahs suitable for ritual circumambulation (parikrama).
Historically, the temple functioned as both a religious and political symbol, showcasing the wealth, power, and spiritual devotion of the Chola dynasty. It was endowed with precious metals and gemstones, reflecting royal patronage and grandeur. Over centuries, the temple underwent restorations and additions by later dynasties, including the Nayakas and Marathas, who enriched its structure without diminishing its original splendor.
Recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site under the “Great Living Chola Temples,” Brihadeeswarar Temple remains an active religious site, preserving ancient rituals and serving as a vibrant cultural landmark. Its architectural innovations, historical depth, and religious prominence make it a cornerstone of Tamil Nadu’s 1000-year-old temple heritage.
2. Thillai Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram
The Thillai Nataraja Temple in Chidambaram is a quintessential representation of Tamil spirituality, architecture, and dance culture. Dedicated to Lord Shiva as Nataraja—the Cosmic Dancer—it is among the most revered Shaiva temples and one of the five elemental lingas in Hindu tradition. The temple complex covers 40 acres and features five concentric courtyards (prakaras), with four accessible to the public. It uniquely combines Dravidian and Pandyan architectural elements with a sanctum inspired by Kerala styles.
The temple has nine gopurams (gateway towers), with four prominently visible from afar, each rising to about 140 feet and richly decorated with intricate sculptures and colorful frescoes. Built primarily between the 10th and 13th centuries under the patronage of Chola and Pandya dynasties, the temple reflects expansions and renovations by later rulers including the Vijayanagara and Nayaka kings.
Central to the temple is the golden-roofed sanctum (Pon Ambalam) where Shiva performs the Ananda Tandava (“Dance of Bliss”). The roof’s gold plating, composed of 21,600 gold sheets, symbolizes the breaths taken by a human in a single day, while 72,000 golden nails represent the nerve endings in the body. The temple layout includes halls for dance and music performances, notably hosting the annual Natyanjali festival on Maha Shivaratri.
In essence, the Thillai Nataraja Temple stands not just as a sacred shrine but as a living testament to the intertwined heritage of Tamil Nadu’s religious, cultural, and artistic traditions.
3. Airavatesvara Temple, Darasuram
The Airavatesvara Temple in Darasuram, built in the 12th century CE by Chola emperor Rajaraja Chola II, is a UNESCO World Heritage site and one of the famed Great Living Chola Temples along with Brihadeeswarar and Gangaikondacholapuram temples. Dedicated to Lord Shiva as Airavatesvara, named after Indra’s celestial elephant Airavata who is said to have worshipped Shiva here, this temple is an exquisite example of Dravidian architecture and Chola artistry.
The temple complex is designed as a stone chariot, complete with intricately carved wheels and horses, echoing the royal ceremonial chariots used in festivals. Its vimana (temple tower) rises to 24 meters and, unlike some other temples, there is no circumambulatory path directly around the sanctum; instead, parikrama is done in the courtyard. The temple features multiple mandapas (pillared halls) with exquisite carvings depicting deities, mythological scenes, and cultural motifs.
Over centuries, the temple has been a vibrant hub for religious worship and cultural practices and continues to attract pilgrims during festivals like Magha. Its architectural symmetry, intricate stone carvings, and cultural significance make it a vital part of Tamil Nadu’s rich temple heritage.
4. Kailasanathar Temple, Kanchipuram
The Kailasanathar Temple in Kanchipuram, built around 700 CE by Pallava king Narasimhavarman II (Rajasimha) with additions by Mahendravarman III, is among the oldest surviving structural temples in Tamil Nadu and a masterpiece of early Dravidian architecture. This sandstone temple, often called the “Sand Temple,” follows a square plan with an entrance hall (mukha-mandapa), a gathering hall (maha-mandapa), and a sanctum (garbha-griha) topped by a distinctive four-storey vimana (temple tower).
Dedicated to Lord Shiva as Kailasanathar (“Lord of Kailasa”), the temple houses a unique 16-sided black granite Shiva lingam in the sanctum. Surrounding the main shrine are 58 intricately carved small shrines depicting various forms of Shiva carved into the inner face of the temple’s high courtyard wall, highlighting the temple’s spiritual depth and detailed craftsmanship. The temple’s walls also contain some of the earliest murals and inscriptions in Tamil Nadu, making it an important source for Tamil epigraphy and art history.
The Kailasanathar Temple represents the Pallava dynasty’s architectural innovation, transitioning from rock-cut cave temples to fully constructed stone temples. It features pillars and pilasters adorned with stylized lion bases and a granite plinth for structural stability. The temple influenced many later Dravidian temples, including inspiring Raja Raja Chola I’s Brihadeeswarar Temple.
Located near the banks of the Vegavathi river, the temple continues to be an important pilgrimage site and tourist attraction. Its serene atmosphere, elaborate carvings, and historical significance make it a jewel of Kanchipuram—also known as the “City of Thousand Temples” and a major center for arts, religion, and culture in Tamil Nadu.
5. Ekambareswarar Temple, Kanchipuram
The Ekambareswarar Temple in Kanchipuram is one of Tamil Nadu’s largest and oldest Shiva temples, dating back at least to the 7th century CE with roots possibly extending to earlier Pallava constructions. Dedicated to Lord Shiva as Ekambareswarar or Ekambaranathar, the temple represents the earth element (Prithvi) among the Pancha Bhoota Stalas, a group of five temples each symbolizing a natural element.
Spanning over 23 acres, the temple complex features five courtyards with four monumental gopurams (towers). The tallest southern gopuram rises approximately 192 feet across 11 levels, making it among the tallest temple towers in India. The temple also houses a thousand-pillared hall built during the Vijayanagara period, showcasing exquisite stone carvings.
The sanctum sanctorum enshrines the Prithvi lingam, a sand lingam considered self-manifested, covered annually with a golden kavacham (armor) on Panguni Uthiram festival. Surrounding this are 1088 smaller Shiva lingams representing cosmic aspects. The temple brings together various deities, including a Vishnu shrine recognized among the 108 Divya Desams, and a separate shrine for Nataraja.
A distinctive feature is the temple’s sthala-vriksham a sacred mango tree believed to be around 3500 years old with four branches bearing different varieties of mangoes, symbolizing the four Vedas. This tree was historically revered by Goddess Kamakshi Amman who is said to have worshipped Shiva here.
Ekambareswarar Temple’s grandeur, historical depth, ritual significance, and striking architecture embody Tamil Nadu’s rich temple heritage and remain a major pilgrimage and tourist destination.
6. Thyagaraja Temple, Thiruvarur
The Thyagaraja Temple in Thiruvarur is an ancient and sprawling temple complex dedicated to Lord Shiva, manifested as Thyagaraja or Somaskanda. Believed to have origins back to the Pallava era in the 7th century, its major expansions were made during the Chola dynasty, especially under Rajendra Chola I in the 11th century. The temple is renowned for its grand scale, covering approximately 17 acres, and houses numerous shrines, mandapams (pillared halls), and temple tanks.
Architecturally, the temple is a magnificent example of Dravidian style, featuring nine gopurams, the tallest eastern tower reaching 36 meters. The sanctum enshrines a unique Shiva lingam believed to reside inside an ant hill (putru), highlighting ancient tree and animistic worship integrations. The temple complex contains over 80 vimanas (mini towers), 13 mandapams, 15 sacred water bodies, and dozens of shrines including those for Vishnu and other deities.
Historical inscriptions describe lavish donations of gold and jewels during Rajendra Chola’s reign, evidencing royal patronage. The temple is pivotal in Tamil Shaiva culture, inspiring the design of the Brihadeeswarar Temple in Thanjavur. It hosts festivals such as the chariot festival, where the temple’s massive, ornate chariot—the largest in Asia—is pulled by devotees, echoing vibrant religious traditions.
7. Dhenupureeswarar Temple, Manimangalam
Dhenupureeswarar Temple, located in Manimangalam near Chennai, is a historically significant Shiva temple built during the 10th century CE by the Chola king Sundara Chola, father of Raja Raja Chola I. The temple was constructed after a divine revelation involving a cow (Dhenu), who worshipped a buried Shiva lingam by pouring milk over it, leading to the uncovering of the Swayambhu (self-manifested) lingam known as Dhenupureeswarar.
The temple features classic Dravidian architecture with an apsidal, or Gaja Prishta (elephant-back) shaped sanctum vimana, a distinctive feature uncommon in other temples. Intricately carved stone pillars in the mandapams depict numerous deities and sages, including bas-relief images of Ganesha, Karthikeya, Sage Kapila, and the famous Sarabeswarar sculpture. The temple walls and pillars showcase a rich blend of Shaiva and Vaishnava iconography, reflecting religious harmony.
The consort deity, Dhenukambal, has a separate shrine within the complex. The temple complex includes shrines for Ganapati, Chandikeswarar, Bhairava, Nataraja, Muruga, and Varadaraja, as well as sacred water bodies like the Kapila Theertham tank, which remains filled year-round.
Over centuries, the temple saw renovations and additions by later dynasties such as the Pandyas and Vijayanagara rulers. Notably, inscriptions document gifts and worship practices through these eras. The Archaeological Survey of India now maintains the temple, ensuring preservation.
8. Anbil Alanthurai Temple, Trichy District
The Anbil Alanthurai Temple, also known as Sathyavaheeswarar Temple, is a historic Shaiva temple located in Anbil village near Thiruvarur in the Trichy district of Tamil Nadu. Initially constructed during the 9th century by the Chola dynasty, it stands on the northern banks of the Kollidam River and is revered as one of the 111 Paadal Petra Sthalams—temples sung by the Tamil Saiva saints called Nayanars.
Dedicated to Lord Shiva worshiped here as Sathyavaheeswarar, the temple features a square sanctum housing a swayambhu (self-manifested) lingam. It is unique in having the lingam placed on a square base, an unusual architectural feature indicating Pandya influences. The temple complex includes a prominent five-tiered rajagopuram (gateway tower) and several mandapams (halls) with intricate stone pillars adorned with mythological carvings, including a famous pillar featuring a snake’s head at one end and tail at the other, symbolizing cosmic unity.
Numerous inscriptions by the Cholas, Pandyas, Nayaks, and Marathas reflect the temple’s rich historical patronage. The temple is also famous for the “Sevi Saitha Vinayaka” idol—Lord Ganesha with a large tilted ear, said to be bending to listen to the hymns sung by Tirugnanasambandar, a Nayanar saint, making the temple a spiritual haven for devotees seeking blessings for hearing impairments.
The temple celebrates six daily rituals and five annual festivals, with an emphasis on Shiva worship and related legends. It exemplifies the blend of religious, cultural, and architectural traditions spanning over a millennium, making it an important pilgrimage and heritage site in Tamil Nadu.
9. Rajarajeswaram Temple, Peruvudaiyar Kovil
The Rajarajeswaram Temple, famously known as the Brihadeeswarar Temple or the Big Temple, located in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, is an architectural marvel built by the Chola emperor Raja Raja Chola I between 1003 and 1010 CE. It stands as a monumental testament to the Chola dynasty’s power, devotion, and mastery in temple construction.
Constructed entirely of granite, a material not locally available, the temple’s massive vimana (tower) rises to about 66 meters (216 feet), making it one of the tallest of its kind in India. The temple complex features a large courtyard, an assembly hall, and shrines dedicated to various deities, centered around the colossal Shiva lingam in the sanctum. It houses a huge monolithic Nandi (bull) statue carved from a single stone.
The temple’s design is symbolic, intended to resemble a sacred mountain and convey the spiritual presence of Shiva. Its walls are adorned with intricate carvings, frescoes, and sculptures that depict Hindu mythology and daily life during the Chola period.
Historically, the temple was not only a religious center but also an expression of the ruler’s ambition to portray divine legitimacy and grandeur. The temple underwent various restorations and additions by later dynasties, including the Nayakas and Marathas, who enriched its art and architecture.
10. Kolanjiappar Temple, near Vriddhachalam
The Kolanjiappar Temple, located in Manavalanallur near Vriddhachalam in the Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu, is an ancient Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Murugan, who is worshiped here as Kolanjiappar. The temple is believed to have originated several centuries ago amidst dense Kolanji forests, hence the name “Kolanjiappar.”
According to legend, a cow used to daily pour milk on a stone under a Kolanji tree, which led the local villagers to discover a self-manifested (Swayambhu) idol of Lord Murugan. The temple was built to enshrine this divine presence, and Murugan is worshiped in a unique formless form here.
Historically, the temple has roots dating back to the Pallava period and was later rebuilt by Chola emperor Rajendra Chola I, as inscriptions dating to the 10th century confirm. It features classic Dravidian architecture, including a five-tiered rajagopuram (gateway tower), pillared halls, circumambulatory paths, and the sanctum facing east.
The temple complex also includes shrines for other deities like Siddhi Vinayaka, Idumban, Kadamban, and Muniappa. The sacred paste made from neem oil and holy ash is applied to devotees and even livestock, believed to heal wounds and ailments.
Annual festivals such as Panguni Uthiram (March-April), Vasantha Utsavam (May-June), and the Adi festival draw large crowds. The temple also holds deep cultural significance linked to the Saivite saint Sundarar, who allegedly interacted with Lord Murugan in this region during his pilgrimages.
Devotees submit written prayers (Piradhu Kattudhal) that are ritually blessed and tied to the Vel (spear) in the temple, seeking resolution of personal problems like health, money, and relationships.
11. Jambukeswarar Temple, Thiruvanaikaval (Trichy)
The Jambukeswarar Temple in Thiruvanaikaval, near Tiruchirappalli (Trichy), is one of the oldest and most revered Shiva temples in Tamil Nadu, dating back around 1800 years. Dedicated to Lord Shiva in the form of Jambukeswarar, this temple is a masterpiece of Dravidian architecture sprawled over an 18-acre complex with five concentric enclosures.
Legend has it that Goddess Parvati performed penance here as Akilandeswari, creating a water lingam from the waters of the Cauvery River, giving this temple its unique status as one of the five Pancha Bhoota Sthalas, representing the element of water. The sanctum houses the “Appu Lingam,” a Shiva lingam with a natural underground stream flowing beneath, symbolizing eternal purity and life.
The temple is architecturally magnificent, featuring towering gopurams, extensive pillared halls (mandapams), and intricate sculptures. It has a massive outer wall called “Vibudi Prakara,” more than a mile long and 25 feet high, and a thousand-pillared hall adorned with monolithic stone pillars carved with chains, zodiac signs, and mythological motifs.
The complex includes numerous shrines, including the famous Akilandeswari shrine dedicated to Goddess Parvati, and features a unique stone window with nine holes through which devotees view and worship the lingam. The temple also holds several festivals, the most notable being the annual chariot festival featuring the largest temple chariot in Asia.
Jambukeswarar Temple seamlessly blends religious significance, mythological legends, and architectural brilliance, maintaining its status as a vital spiritual, cultural, and architectural landmark of Tamil Nadu.
12. Nityakalyana Perumal Temple, East Coast Road
The Nityakalyana Perumal Temple, located in Thiruvidandai village along Chennai’s East Coast Road (ECR), is an ancient temple dedicated to Lord Vishnu as Nityakalyana Perumal, an incarnation of Varaha, the boar avatar. This temple is one of the 108 Divya Desams revered in the Tamil Vaishnavite tradition and is glorified in the Naalayira Divya Prabandham by the Alvar saints dating back to the 6th–9th centuries CE.
Constructed originally by the Pallavas in the 7th century CE with later contributions from the Cholas in the 11th century, the temple showcases classic Tamil architectural features including two flat rajagopurams (gateway towers), enclosures with granite walls, and a sixteen-pillared entrance hall adorned with sculpted pillars depicting various legends.
The sanctum houses a rare seven-foot granite image of Nityakalyana Perumal with Bhudevi on his lap, and the consort deity Komalavalli Thayar has a separate shrine. The temple includes three sacred water tanks—Kalyana Pushakarani, Varaha Pushakarani, and Ranganatha Tirtham—used for rituals and purification.
The temple follows the Tenkalai tradition of worship, conducting four daily rituals and several annual festivals. The major festivals celebrated here are the Chittirai Brahmotsavam in April–May and Vaikuntha Ekadashi in December–January. These festivals involve elaborate processions, cultural performances, and special rituals that attract devotees from across the region.
Situated 38 km from Chennai on the scenic ECR, the temple offers a serene spiritual experience combined with architectural splendor and vibrant cultural heritage, making it a must-visit for pilgrims and tourists alike.
13. Uchchhishta Ganapathy Temple, Tirunelveli
The Uchchhishta Ganapathy Temple in Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, is a unique and ancient temple dedicated to Lord Ganesha in his Tantric form known as Uchchhishta Ganapati. Believed to be over 1000 years old, it is reputed to be one of the largest temples dedicated specifically to this form of Ganesha in Asia.
Uchchhishta Ganapati is a distinctive form of Ganesha featuring complex and symbolically rich iconography, often depicted with four arms and a naked goddess (Shakti) seated on his lap, reflecting the union of divine masculine and feminine energies. This form is linked to Tantric traditions, representing esoteric spirituality and powerful divine potency.
The temple showcases classic Dravidian architecture with a five-tiered rajagopuram (main tower), multiple mandapams (pillared halls), and expansive prakaras (courtyards). It lies on the banks of the Tamirabarani River, approximately 2 km from Tirunelveli Junction railway station.
Devotees worship at this temple seeking removal of obstacles, success, and spiritual blessings. The temple houses 16 distinct forms of Ganesha, each associated with specific attributes such as prosperity, health, victory, and wisdom. Rituals here uniquely blend Vedic and Tantric practices, celebrated especially during Vinayagar Chaturthi and Tamil New Year festivities.
The temple is historically significant with inscriptions and sculptures reflecting contributions from the Chola, Pandya, Nayaka, and later periods. Its spacious halls are adorned with intricate carvings and sculptures of deities related to Ganesha lore, making it both a spiritual and architectural marvel.
Uchchhishta Ganapathy Temple stands as a profound example of Tamil Nadu’s tantric spiritual heritage entwined with magnificent architecture, attracting devotees and scholars alike for its unique religious prominence and cultural richness.
14. Kuzhanthai Velappar Temple, Poombarai (Kodaikanal)
The Kuzhanthai Velappar Temple, located in Poombarai near Kodaikanal in Tamil Nadu, is a revered Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Murugan in his youthful form known as Kuzhanthai Velappar. The temple’s origins are believed to date back approximately 3000 years, attributed to the sage Bogar, one of the 18 revered Siddhas in Tamil culture, who is said to have crafted the temple’s idol from an amalgam of nine poisons known as “navapashanam.” This idol is believed to possess potent healing powers.
The temple sits in a serene village setting surrounded by misty hills and terraced farms, providing a tranquil environment for devotees and visitors. Architecturally, it follows traditional South Indian temple styles but is unique in its absence of a towering gopuram. The sanctum sanctorum faces east and houses the main idol of Kuzhanthai Velappar standing in a simple, ascetic form, symbolizing youthful renunciation.
The temple complex also hosts sub-shrines for deities such as Ganesha, Shiva, Navagrahas, and Bhairava. Its walls are adorned with rare sculptures of Nataraja and Dattatreya, which are uncommon in regional temples. The temple is renowned for its annual Vela Festival, a vibrant nine-day celebration featuring processions, music, and dance.
Devotees believe that worshipping here brings healing and spiritual upliftment, attracting pilgrims from across the state and beyond. Kuzhanthai Velappar Temple remains a significant pilgrimage spot combining spiritual depth, medicinal lore, and serene natural beauty in the hills of Tamil Nadu.
15. Kandaswamy Temple, Tirupporur
The Kandaswamy Temple in Tirupporur, Chengalpattu district, Tamil Nadu, is a prominent Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Murugan, also known as Kandaswamy. Dating back to the 10th century CE, the temple was initially constructed during the Pallava era and later expanded in the 17th and 18th centuries by various patrons, including Chidambara Swamigal. The temple gained historical significance as Lord Murugan is believed to have vanquished demons here, giving Tirupporur its name meaning “place of holy war.”
Architecturally, the temple exemplifies the Dravidian style with a majestic five-tiered rajagopuram (gateway tower) standing at around 70 feet. The temple complex spans about four acres and features a granite sanctum sanctorum housing a 7-foot tall standing image of Lord Murugan holding the Vel (divine spear), accompanied by his consorts Valli and Deivaanai in separate shrines. The temple also includes a pillared hall with 24 intricately carved pillars and several shrines for related deities such as Ganesha, Shiva, and Parvati.
The temple is a vibrant religious center conducting four daily rituals and celebrating major festivals like Vaikasi Visagam, Kanthasasti, and Navaratri. Unique to this temple is the belief in the swayambhu (self-manifested) origin of the idol, with ritual practices focused on the associated yantra (mystical diagram) instead of traditional ablutions applied to the idol.
Inscriptions reveal continued endowments and worship from Chola kings to later rulers, reflecting its sustained cultural and spiritual importance. The temple also holds close ties to Tamil Saiva saints, further enhancing its devotional prestige.
The Kandaswamy Temple in Tirupporur remains a vital pilgrimage site, merging historical grandeur, architectural beauty, and profound spiritual traditions that continue to inspire devotees and visitors.
16. Kumarakkottam Subramanya Swamy Temple, Kanchipuram
The Kumarakkottam Subramanya Swamy Temple in Kanchipuram is a revered Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Murugan, also known as Subramanya Swamy. It dates back approximately 1000 to 2000 years and was rebuilt in its present form in 1915. The temple exemplifies Dravidian architecture with typical features such as a 3-tier rajagopuram (gateway tower), granite sanctum sanctorum with a domed “chakra vimana,” and two circumambulatory passages (prakarams).
Uniquely, the temple is located symbolically between the Ekambareswarar Temple (dedicated to Shiva) and the Kamakshi Amman Temple (dedicated to Parvati), representing the divine family with Murugan as the son positioned between his parents. The sanctum houses a standing Murugan deity holding a spear (Vel), accompanied by his consorts Valli and Devasena in individual shrines.
The temple has significant religious importance owing to its association with the Tamil scholar saint Kacchiyappar, who composed the sacred Tamil text Kandha Puranam—a revered epic narrating Lord Murugan’s stories. It is believed that the deity himself corrected parts of this text, emphasizing the temple’s spiritual significance.
The temple complex includes multiple shrines for parivara devatas (family deities) and features ornate carvings, epigraphs, and a mandapam where Kandha Puranam was believed to have been composed. Regular rituals, festivals like the Kandha Shashti, and vibrant cultural traditions keep the temple an active devotional center.
Kumarakkottam Temple is a key spiritual destination reflecting Tamil Nadu’s rich religious, cultural, and architectural heritage centered on Lord Murugan
17. Valliyur Subramanya Swamy Temple, Tirunelveli
The Valliyur Subramanya Swamy Temple, located in Valliyur in Tirunelveli district, Tamil Nadu, is a highly revered ancient Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Murugan, also known as Subramanya Swamy. Carved out of a hill, the temple sanctum follows a unique rock-cut architecture believed to date back over a thousand years, with major constructions and expansions contributed by the Pandyas and Nayaks over centuries.
The temple’s layout is crafted in the shape of the Tamil letter “ஓம்” (Om), symbolizing spiritual completeness. The main deity, Lord Subramanya, known here as Anantha Kalyana Subramanyar, holds a diamond-studded spear (Vel) and is accompanied by his consort Valli in a sacred shrine. The temple complex also houses shrines to Nataraja and Dakshinamurti, Shiva in his teaching form.
Valliyur was once the capital of the Pandya kings in the 12th century, and the temple is celebrated in the hymns of the Tamil saint Arunagirinathar through the Thiruppugazh hymns, marking its spiritual prominence.
The temple is well-known for its rock-cut sanctum, natural cave formations, grand mandapams with intricately carved black granite pillars, and numerous dedicated shrines to associated deities like Vinayaka (Ganesha) and Veerabahu (Murugan’s commander).
The temple also boasts five sacred trees (Pancha Vrikshas) representing different gods, and the complex hosts several major festivals including the Chitrai festival, attracting thousands of devotees. The spiritual atmosphere combined with the exquisite architecture and hilltop location make Valliyur Subramanya Swamy Temple a significant pilgrimage and cultural landmark.
18. Shanmuganathan Temple, Viralimalai (Tiruchirappalli)
The Shanmuganathan Temple in Viralimalai, located around 28 km from Tiruchirappalli in Tamil Nadu, is an ancient and famed Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Murugan, also known as Shanmuganathan. Set atop a small rocky hill, the temple offers panoramic views of the surrounding landscape and is renowned for its scenic stairways totaling 207 steps leading to the sanctum.
The temple architecture exemplifies classic South Indian Dravidian style, with finely carved granite pillars, intricately sculpted sculptures, and a five-tier rajagopuram marking the entrance. The sanctum sanctorum houses the six-faced (Shanmukha) and twelve-armed form of Lord Murugan, mounted on a peacock and standing on one leg, offering an awe-inspiring sight to devotees. A mirror behind the deity allows devotees to view all his faces.
The temple is deeply steeped in legends, including one where the Tamil poet-saint Arunagirinathar was guided by Lord Murugan himself in the form of a hunter to this sacred hill. The poet composed many hymns here, adding to the temple’s spiritual importance. Another legend speaks of the blessing of Lord Murugan to sage Vashishta and his wife Arundhati, who prayed here to absolve their curses.
The temple celebrates numerous festivals, prominently Taippucam, Panguni Uthiram, Kanda Sashti, and Adi Kiruthikai, attracting crowds of devotees. A unique tradition includes offering cigars as prasadam, a practice believed to have been initiated through a miraculous event during the rule of the local ruler Devarayar II.
19. Muthu Kumaraswamy Temple, Gobichettipalayam
The Muthu Kumaraswamy Temple, also known as the Kandakottam Temple, is a revered Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Murugan located in Perambur near Chennai. This temple has a rich history dating back to the 17th century, though its spiritual roots and traditions are much older, linking closely to the famous Thiruporur Kandaswamy Temple and the devout worship of Lord Murugan in Tamil Nadu.
The temple was initially established when two devotees, Thiru Mari Chetty and Thiru Kandapandaram, discovered Lord Murugan’s idol in an ant hill near a tank while resting during a pilgrimage to Tiruporur. Following a divine dream, they brought the idol to Chennai and established a small shrine, which later developed into a grand stone temple around 200 years ago. The temple’s rajagopuram (tower) was constructed by Thiru Kalirathna Chettiar in the 17th century and features seven kalasams (finials).
Architecturally, the temple exemplifies classic Dravidian style with stone sanctum sanctorum, intricately carved pillars, and a spacious mandapam where major festivals are celebrated with grandeur. The temple deity, Lord Murugan, depicted with his Vel (divine spear), is venerated for bestowing spiritual and material blessings. The temple also highlights associations with noted saints like Sri Ramalinga Swamigal, who praised its eternal grace and benevolence.
Rituals and festivals such as Karthigai Somavaram and Deepam, along with the historic Mahakumbhabishekam (consecration ceremony), maintain the temple’s thriving religious life. The temple is managed by trustees from the Beri Chettiar community and remains a prominent spiritual center blending heritage, architecture, and deep devotion to Lord Murugan.
20. Rajendra Chozheewarar Temple, Periyakulam (Theni)
The Rajendra Chozheeswarar Temple, popularly known as the Balasubramaniar Temple, located in Periyakulam in Theni district of Tamil Nadu, is a historically significant temple believed to be over 1000 years old. Although it is primarily dedicated to Lord Shiva as Rajendra Chozheeswarar, the temple is famously associated with Lord Murugan (Balasubramaniar), who is worshiped with his six faces and is accompanied by consorts Valli and Deivanai.
The temple was built by the Chola emperor Rajendra Chola, a successor of Raja Raja Chola I, who sought to atone for the sin of killing a mother pig during a hunting expedition in the Agamalai forest near the Varaha River. According to legend, Lord Murugan blessed the motherless piglets, and in honor of this divine act, the temple was constructed.
Architecturally, the temple is a remarkable example of Chola craftsmanship, featuring a five-tiered rajagopuram (gateway tower), a large peacock mandapam, and intricately sculpted pillars. The peacock mandapam ceiling prominently displays the 27 stars (Nakshatras) and 12 zodiac signs (Rasi), signifying celestial significance. Besides Lord Murugan and Shiva, the temple complex includes shrines for Ambal (Parvati), Nataraja, Ekambareswarar, Jambukeswarar, Dakshinamurthy, Durga, and other deities.
The temple is renowned for its healing powers, especially the belief that bathing in the nearby Brahma Theertha (river) can cure incurable diseases. Major festivals celebrated here include Chitraitruvizha, Vaikasi Visagam, Thaipusam, Surasamharam, and others, culminating in the grand Panguni Brahmotsavam.
The Rajendra Chozheeswarar Temple stands as a spiritually vibrant and architecturally splendid monument, blending faith, history, and Chola art, making it one of the key pilgrimage sites in Tamil Nadu.
Architectural Marvels and Symbolism
Tamil Nadu’s thousand-year-old temples primarily embody the Dravidian architectural style, reflected in their:
Gopurams: Towering, pyramidal gateways richly decorated with colorful, detailed carvings that narrate mythology and religious lore.
Vimanas: The towering temple sanctum above the garbhagriha symbolizing cosmic mountains.
Mandapams: Pillared halls serving devotional gatherings, rituals, and cultural performances.
Stone Carvings: Exquisite sculptures tell mythological stories and depict deities, celestial beings, and royal patrons.
Temple Tanks: Sacred water bodies used in ritual purification and festivals.
The temples offer a harmonious blend of devotion, symbolism, cultural identity, and craftsmanship—all forming living legacies across centuries.
Devotional Significance and Rituals
These temples continue vibrant religious traditions, hosting major festivals like Maha Shivaratri, Panguni Uthiram, and Navaratri. Devotees participate in rituals such as Abhishekam (holy bathing of the deity), Archana (offerings), and classical dance performances that keep the devotional flame alive. Pilgrimage to these temples is not only a religious journey but a cultural pilgrimage enriching the soul with Tamil heritage.
Travel Tips for Visiting
Best Time to Visit: October to March for pleasant weather.
Access: Well-connected by rail, road, and air through major cities like Chennai, Thanjavur, and Kanchipuram.
Etiquette: Modest attire, removing footwear before entering sanctum, and respecting rituals is essential.
Stay: Options range from pilgrim-friendly guest houses to comfortable hotels in city centers.
Nearby Attractions: Many temples are close to cultural museums, markets, and heritage sites.
Travel Guide to Visiting 1000 Years Old Temples in Tamil Nadu
When to Visit
The best time to explore Tamil Nadu’s ancient temples is during the cooler and pleasant months from October to March. This period avoids the intense summer heat and the heavy monsoon rains, allowing comfortable temple visits and participation in festivals.
How to Reach
By Air:
Major airports include Chennai International Airport (close to temples in Chennai and Kanchipuram), Tiruchirappalli Airport (near Thanjavur and Darasuram), and Madurai Airport for southern routes.By Train:
Tamil Nadu has a well-developed railway network connecting major pilgrimage centers including Thanjavur, Chidambaram, Kanchipuram, and Tirunelveli.By Road:
State highways and national highways provide good road connectivity. Private taxis, buses, and rental cars are popular for temple touring.
Getting Around
For temple clusters (like in Kanchipuram or Thanjavur), renting a bike or car can be convenient. Auto-rickshaws and local buses are affordable options for short distances.
Accommodation Options
From budget guesthouses near smaller temples to heritage hotels and resorts in cities like Chennai, Thanjavur, and Kanchipuram, options are available for every budget. Booking in advance during festival seasons is recommended.
Important Tips
Dress modestly to respect local customs, covering shoulders and knees, especially inside temples.
Remove footwear before entering temple premises.
Photography is usually allowed outside but restricted inside sanctum sanctorum. Always check local rules.
Stay hydrated and carry a water bottle during temple visits, especially in summer.
Participate respectfully in rituals if interested, or observe quietly if not familiar.
Nearby Attractions and Food
Many temples are situated near vibrant towns with cultural museums, local markets, and traditional Tamil cuisine restaurants. For example:
Near Thanjavur: Royal Palace and Saraswathi Mahal Library
Near Kanchipuram: Silk weaving centers and ancient mosques
Near Chennai temples: Marina Beach and Fort St. George
Local cuisine highlights include idli, dosa, sambar, and filter coffee, which can be enjoyed at nearby traditional eateries.
This travel guide will help devotees and tourists plan a spiritually fulfilling and comfortable visit to Tamil Nadu’s thousand-year-old temples.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q1. What makes Tamil Nadu’s 1000 years old temples unique?
They combine extraordinary architectural finesse with a living tradition of spirituality and culture that’s continuously practiced for centuries.
Q2. Are these temples still active for worship?
Yes, these ancient temples remain active centers of daily rituals and grand festivals.
Q3. Can tourists visit these temples?
Absolutely, most temples welcome visitors and provide insights into regional art, architecture, and religion.
Q4. Which temples are UNESCO World Heritage Sites?
Brihadeeswarar, Airavatesvara, and Gangaikondacholapuram temples are UNESCO-listed for outstanding universal value.
Q5. What is Dravidian temple architecture?
A distinctive South Indian style noted for its intricately sculpted gopurams, vimanas, mandapams, and temple tanks.
Q6. Are there travel accommodations nearby?
Yes, ranging from budget pilgrim lodges to heritage hotels in proximity to major temples.
Q7. Are photographs allowed inside the temple sanctums?
Usually, photography is prohibited in sanctums but allowed in outer courtyards and temple premises.
